Music and Time Annotation << Back Ethno-Jazz in the Musical Culture of Azerbaijan in the ХХ Century: Traditions and Modernity T.R. Mammadova The present article is devoted to the main traditions of the ethno-jazz direction, manifested in the musical culture of Azerbaijan in the XX century. The embryos of the ethno-jazz direction were already developed in the creativity and activities of Tofig Guliyev, Rauf Hajiyev, Tofi g Ahmadov, who laid the foundation of the Azerbaijan State Jazz Orchestra and Azerbaijani pop music in the 1940s and 1950s. In the genres of songs, operettas, cinema music, compositions performed by these artists, the basis of Azerbaijani jazz music, as well as the future ethno-Jazz artistic direction is laid. Popular in the 1960s, the work and performance of the leading jazz artists of the USSR and Azerbaijan, Vagif Mustafazade and Rafi g Babayev, have strengthened the ethno-jazz direction as a more fundamental, important and a great role in the evolution of Azerbaijani jazz traditions. Analyzing a number of piano jazz compositions by Vagif Mustafazadeh, Rafig Babayev and Aziza Mustafazadeh, the author explores the mature and modern traditions of the ethno-jazz direction in Azerbaijani music. As a result, such a conclusion is made that the classical jazz artists of Azerbaijan, such as V. Mustafazadeh and R.Babayev is mostly based on the traditions of academic composition, world jazz classics, cool-jazz style and modal-jazz technique, one of the leading jazz directions of the 1940s and 1960s. Keywords: ethno-Jazz, modal-jazz, Vagif Mustafazade, Bayati-Shiraz, Rafi g Babayev, Aziza Mustafazade. DOI: 10.25791/music.10.2023.1258 Pp. 27-33.