Music and Time Annotation << Back From the History of Music Ten Years Term Schools for Gifted children O.V. Shestakova The 30th years of the twentieth century is the period of appearance in the system of national professional music education institutions of a special kind – music ten years term schools for gifted children. The prototype of them were special groups of children – special units that existed at Conservatories. The development from those units to the music ten years term school is considered in this article in a socio-political aspect. Special attention is paid to the processes that was initiated and maintained by the state within the «cultural revolution» – a structural transformation of the system of professional music education, assurance of this type of education, taking measures to identify and support musically gifted children. A range of facts illustrating close attention to the students of the special groups of children from the part of the government is listed in the article. Socio-political reasons of active development of the industry of music pedagogy are identified – both external (setting of the image of the Soviet state with the help of outstanding success of musicians) and internal (accessibility for all social groups of the population of elite education, the formation of a new type of educated people). Keywords: cultural revolution in the USSR, professional music education, musically gifted children, special children’s groups, music ten years term school. Contacts: E-mail: 891249149571@rambler.ru Pp. 10-14.